Práticas jornalísticas de inclusão e acessibilidade à informação: o uso da língua de sinais

Abstract

The following dissertation outlines the issue of accessible information for the deaf, with a specific focus on the reflection on television news. There is no study on a specific exposure, but it starts with regular and unsystematic observations in pride of our individual condition for people with severe deafness, who experience throughout their lives the problems resulting from the difficulty of obtaining information from the programs. It aims to analyze how newscasts made by listeners for listeners are made, but which can be accessible to the deaf, in addition to trying to understand the result for communication of the use of accessibility resources such as subtitles and the Brazilian Language window. of Signs (ASL). The analysis was carried out based on observation research on open TV channels, having the initiative in the country as its object. The interest is to provide some sources of reflection to professionals responsible for information about the characteristics, problems, limitations, and efficiencies of this community, so that they can serve as subsidies for initiatives in the sector. It can thus help to rethink, in the future, formats and audiovisual journalistic language in an inclusive way. Decree No. 5,296, of 2004, established rules for the promotion of accessibility for people with reduced mobility and disabilities. Law No. 13,146 establishes, among other aspects, that telecommunications companies guarantee full access to information and communication for people with hearing impairments, based on the adoption of technical resources. Even so, currently, about 10 million people with partial or total deafness have compromised access to television production, as is the case of television news, which is still the main source of information for most of the population. In this context, the research raises the question of how Libras is inserted, as one of the accessibility resources for the deaf on Brazilian open television. Both the way the deaf public interprets the information and the way these spectators see themselves represented in the media are questioned, through the application of a form. The theoretical foundation will be based on authors who deal with the process of education and condition of the deaf, the issue of accessibility in information and the examination of laws that try to address the problem with successes and failures of implementation. The research proposes to reflect on the process of reception and understanding of the deaf in relation to television programs and to identify their preferences between programs that have subtitles and those that have windows with Brazilian Sign Language (ASL) interpreters. From the methodological point of view, two types of informants were interviewed – deaf people and Libras interpreters – without the objective of a representative analysis at national or even regional level. The idea was to work with easy-to-contact people, with their own knowledge and indications, so that they could give their opinion on the measures adopted in the examined issue. The results reinforce the little use of resources that comply with Brazilian legislation and, when they exist, expose their limitations for the communicative efficiency of the medium itself. From this point of view, the work may not present any novelties, but it offers data that we consider relevant to start a process that still has almost no space in Communication.