Crítica da política de assistência aos estudantes dos institutos federais (2002-2020): em exame o Instituto Federal do Paraná

Abstract

The Student Assistance Policy (PAE), for the Federal Institutes of Education Science and Technology (IFs), is the object of this thesis. The policy, created through the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES), more than ten years ago, was conceived and implemented in the FIs for different reasons such as the varied actions supported in its creation decree. Such reasons cannot be idealized by themselves, but in the imminence that publics carry with their ambiguities, results of the dispute that classes and class fractions and their undertaken subjects, these reasons may be in the information and / or in the requirements, this it is, like multiple manifestations of the PAE. In this sense, the following problem was chosen: what reasons support and justify the basis, implementation and access to the PAE? From this, the reason category is considered as political actions and social practices that it provides to be explained by means of the production of capitalist existence, in addition to the singularity of the Brazilian social formation in the delimited historical period, that is, from 2002 to 2020. For To respond to this problem, an investigation was undertaken whose general objective was to investigate the reasons for the information, implementation and access to PAE by students from the IFs, in particular, the IFPR in the context of the country's development projects at the time of Workers' Party (PT). The methodological procedures were those of documentary research based on an analysis of PT's programs for the 2002 and 2006 changes, the document entitled American Community Colleges and Brazilian Professional and Technological Education, as well as documents referring to PAE and the IFPR. The bibliographic survey took place through the study of the production of knowledge about PAE and field research carried out through interviews with formulators, with the implementer and with students. This thesis is based on the social theory and the Marxist method that guides to the unveiling of the PAE according to the multiple determinations that compose it. The analysis of the data in the light of the chosen theoretical framework makes it possible to point out that the PAE was created in the development projects of the Lula government and formulated to serve the students of the FIs within a project of class conciliation. The analysis of the productions collected in the CAPES thesis and dissertation repository and carried out from 2008 to 2018 made it possible to identify eight theses regarding the reasons for the PAE and the understanding of the students using it. The data collection, together with the research formulators, made it possible to verify that the PAE has the reasons for the inclusion and expansion of education. It is highlighted, in the speech of the implementer, that the PAE must be integrated with teaching, research and extension projects and that the students need a better reception. The student data showed that PAE meets the main expenses for their stays in studies. From a critical point of view, the thesis holds that the PAE is part of a development project materialized in the context of a policy of class conciliation in a mode of production of existence, the MPC, which creates policies such as the PAE and, of them, in contrast, it feeds. We defend that the critique of the PAE is the critique of the capitalist mode of production of existence that concentrates wealth on the one hand and poverty on the other, including access or not to education. In addition, it is expected that this thesis, with the study that made the reasons for the PAE, contribute to overcoming the MPC.