Preconceito linguístico: estudo dos livros didáticos de língua portuguesa utilizados nas escolas do campo no município de Tijucas do Sul

Abstract

This study deals with linguistic prejudice based on the observation of internal influences and (external) social conditions, class, regional, ethnic, and genre differences. It focuses on the Portuguese language variations of individuals that live in rural areas. The study presents the work and educational conditions in rural areas, aiming to understand how the conception of rural education was constructed, which is the result of Social Movements for agrarian and education reform. The study also presents the political construction of the production and distribution of teaching materials – the Textbook National Program (PNLD, in the Portuguese acronym) – in a dialogue with social, political, ideological and Economic contexts of Brazil. The program understands that the textbook is an important instrument of pedagogical support; it also clarifies its functions and the relations that are characteristic of its production as an object of material school culture and as a market product. In this sense, the study briefly presents the economical context of the publishing market of recent years, considering that the Brazilian government is a great investor, as it centralizes not only the regulation, but also the purchase and distribution of textbooks to all public schools enrolled in the aforementioned program. This is a qualitative research and it includes the analysis of the convening documents of the Rural PNLD editions of 2013 and 2016, their respective Textbook Guides and the Notice 01/2017 – CGPLI, July 27th 2017. The Portuguese language textbooks from the Novo Girassol Collection: knowledge and fields chores, which are intended for the 4th and 5th years, complement the analysis. Nine out of the thirteen teachers who used these books to teach 4th and 5th grades groups, in multiple grade schools in the municipality of Tijucas do Sul, contributed to the research by answering the questionnaire that evaluates the understanding of the conception of field in the books as well as the approach to linguistic prejudice. Finally, based on the data obtained, the research intends to discuss how rural education and the textbook provide for the construction of a citizen education that aims to respect the culture, the language and consequently the identity of people from rural areas.