O “Estado da Arte” sobre o ensino de artes visuais para estudantes cegos e com baixa visão (1996-2022)

Abstract

This is a “State of the Art” research related to the teaching of visual arts for blind and low vision students who attend elementary school in basic education schools. The general objective of the research was: to analyze the academic-scientific productions on the teaching of visual arts for blind and low vision students in fundamental education of Basic Education in the period from 1996 to 2022. b) Examine trends in academic production in relation to theoreticalmethodological foundations and assistive technologies adopted for teaching visual arts to blind and low-vision students in elementary school; c) Identify advances and gaps on the subject investigated, with emphasis on pedagogical practices. This is a “State of the Art” bibliographical research that used as methodological procedures the guidelines of Romanowski and Ens (2006) and the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011). The sources used in the research were the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) of the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) and the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations maintained by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Persons (CAPES). The theoretical framework works with exponents of the field of Art, visual arts, ArtEducation, Special Education and Fundamentals of Education. The documentary corpus resulted in eleven researches, ten dissertations and one thesis produced by different authors, mainly female, with a prevalence of works carried out in the Northeast and Midwest regions, mainly at the University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) and postgraduate programs in Education. The works had different objectives, but somehow converged to the analysis of the teaching practice, regarding the actions that the teacher can develop to include the blind student or with low vision in the Art class. The assistive technologies employed are usually adaptations of two-dimensional works for relief with different materials. The main authors referenced in the works read were: Lev Vygotsky, Maria Lucia Amiralian, Maria Ferraz and Maria Fusari, Ana Mae Barbosa and Lúcia Reily. There is a great concern on the part of most researchers in the suitability of materials and resources for the production of artistic activities, however, the character of knowledge of the history of art is left aside. It is concluded that the number of productions on the subject is still incipient and most of the works focus only on teaching drawing and leave out other languages such as: cinema, painting, photography, performance, video art, etc. There are countless possibilities to develop pedagogical practices that enable the acquisition of artistic knowledge by people with visual impairments, however, the challenges for this work are related to public policies and teacher training.