O reuni na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná: análise das políticas públicas sobre evasão universitária

Abstract

The object of study for this thesis are the policies of REUNI and PNAES, implemented during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration, from 2003 to 2011, whose aim was to restructure the physical structure of federal education institutions and, among others, the reduction of university dropout. The problem was based on the fact that, despite the universities adhering to such policies, they were imposed on the institutions, compromising university autonomy. In an order to respond to this problem, the Method of Historical-Dialectical Materialism was chosen, especially the category of contradiction. The general objective was to reveal the contradictions present in such policies of access and student permanence in the higher education, done during the period of 2003-2011, enphasising the politics of REUNI and PNAES. The methodological approach was based on bibliographic research and statistical data from the Ministry of Education and INEP, as well as data from Accountability and Management Reports from the Federal Technological University of Paraná, which was chosen as a paradigm to study the implementation of these public policies. Thus, aspects of the political economy of a capitalist society were identified, which interfere in the provision of education to the working class, by equating it with a commodity, to be freely traded. In this sense, public policies, especially REUNI and PNAES, have characteristics related to the market, such as the massification of education, the search for maximum administrative efficiency, which can be considered as contradictions. The results of the implementation of these policies, at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, when studying the data extracted from their accounts, show that the policies in question, despite having provided good results regarding the expansion of the number of public vacancies and to internalization in the territory of the State of Paraná, are still limited in terms of effectiveness in student permanence and in the effective reduction of university dropout. In summary, such policies are characterized as compensatory, as they temporarily alleviate the needs of the community. However, they lack full effectiveness, as they harbor the neoliberal consensus, which is not in the interest of the working class. This thesis may contribute to uncovering new contradictions present in the policies of REUNI and PNAES, which may serve as a paradigm for overcoming limitations. The exposure and understanding of the contradictions that permeate capitalist society and the sphere of higher education will allow policies to be formulated with greater effectiveness and general reach for all, of a universal scope.