O gabinete do Dr. Tim Burton: estilo e expressionismo alemão em Vincent (1982) e a Noiva Cadáver (2005)

Abstract

The German expressionist cinema was influenced by movement in painting, theater and literature. Among other important elements, the aforementioned European avant-garde would cover various arts, visiting elements such as the distortion of spaces and the theatrical exaggeration of the actors, who would gain notoriety after the film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) by Robert Wiene. These features of German expressionist cinema are noticeable in some productions of filmmaker Tim Burton, especially in the animations Vincent (1982) and Corpse Bride (2005), which were chosen as research objects. In this sense, the overrall objective of this research is to demonstrate the influence of German expressionism on the selected animations of Tim Burton as research objects. In this way, the research is divided into the following steps: conceptual research, film analysis and style analysis. It begins with the study of German expressionism and its characteristics, using the style applied to Tim Burton's films, based on ARGAN (1992); AUMONT (2004), KRACAUER (1985), EISNER (1985), CÁNEPA (2002; 2006; 2016) and SÁNCHEZ-BIOSCA (2004). In a second moment, it includes a mapping of style elements, which will reverberate throughout the analyzes, in view of a possible matrix concerning the influences of German expressionism, taken in their repetitions in Tim Burton's animations. The presence of animation and musical issues is also assessed. Finally, the analysis of the animations (1982; 2005), both considered representative of the presence of German Expressionism and involving an important hiatus of his work, between initial consolidation and recent works. As an analysis hypothesis, it is argued that the expressionism is presented in animations (1982; 2005) from three main narrative points: the face as expressiveness (theatrical exaggeration), the dramatization of filmic space, and intertextuality. As a research methodology, the notion of style analysis by the theorists Bordwell and Thompson (2013) is used.