Teoria da mente, comunicação social e a terapia da criança implantada coclear no Brasil: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Professionals who work with children, especially those with special needs, should be concerned to investigate how they develop the perception of the world around them. In the case of deaf children who are implanted, studies indicate that there are many possibilities for therapy, however, defining what is best for each case depends on the training of the speech therapist and the specific demands of the patient who needs to learn to listen, and then, to communicate. Objective: To identify the theoretical framework that has been used in Brazil by speech language pathologist therapists working with deaf children cochlear implanted. Methodology: A Systematic Review was performed in the databases: LILACS, Bireme, MEDLINE, SciELO, PubMed and SCOPUS from the following keywords: Cochlear Implant, Child, Language, Communication, Hearing, Speech, considering the period of 2007/18. Three judges analyzed the articles from the following variables: publication period, author formation, year of publication, Qualis of journals, type of research, sample size, sample age, institution where the research was developed, adopted language theory by the authors of the research, therapeutic referral and outcome of the research. Results: Initially, 61 articles were identified. After careful analysis, 22 were left that were analyzed by the judges. It was verified that: 66% of articles were published in the last 5 years; 68% of articles were published in Qualis B1 journals; 63% of the authors are speech-language pathologists; the samples ranged from 1 to 60 subjects; 54% of the surveys are descriptive / cross-sectional and 90% of the surveys took place in public services; behavioral theory was identified in 86.5% of the studies, and Mind Theory was identified in 68% of the sample; the aurioral perspective was cited as a reference for the rehabilitation of children implanted in 86% of the studies analyzed; 50% of the studies had a prognosis and 27% of intervention Conclusion: The speech pathologist who works with deaf cochlear implanted children and publishes their studies, uses in most cases the assumptions of Behavioral Theory of development; the cochlear implant is the hearing aid with the best indication for children with severe and profound deafness, and the criteria for indication, prescription and prognosis are well described in the literature and in specific Brazilian legislation; the Theory of Mind and, consequently, the Social Communication are cited in the material researched and has contributed systematically to the determination of the therapeutic process of the implanted child; the Narrative Review allowed us to identify the language development theories that support the rehabilitation speech language therapist practice, however, it is latent the clinical practice performed without reflection since, in most cases, the authors do not cite their theoretical affiliation.