Acidente vascular encefálico no sudoeste do Paraná: prováveis causas e qualidade de vida em deglutição

Abstract

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the most frequent complications in stroke, and it has been recognized as a major factor for the occurrence of decline in nutritional status, aspiration pneumonia and dehydration, which can result in death, especially in elderly patients. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the cases of stroke in individuals of the South West Region of Paraná, determining the likely causes and associating to the conditions and quality of life in swallowing. The research was conducted in two stages: 1) a survey of the stroke incidence in Southwest Region of Paraná, resulting in a profile of the individuals affected by this disease. Thus, the database of the National Health System (DATASUS ) was searched for the incidence of stroke in 42 counties of the South West of Paraná, within 2008-2012. The number of stroke patients sorted by city, gender, age and the numbers of deaths in the region could be retrieved with the International Classification of Diseases (CID). 2) The second stage of the research correlated the individuals who have suffered from stroke with likely causes and conditions of life of these individuals before it happened. Also, the quality of life of individuals who have suffered stroke was correlated to the occurrence of dysphagia through SWAL QOL. The sampling units were 200 individuals, defined by statistical parameters, which considered the population from that region, the total incidence and the incidence per county. The interviewed individuals were affected by strokes in the past five years. The results in the first stage of the research demonstrated that the annual incidence of hospitalizations and deaths from stroke in the Southwest Region of Paraná, registered in the National Health System, were in average 130 and 31 cases per 100.000 inhabitants per year, respectively. There is no significant difference in the incidence of hospitalizations and deaths among men and women, showing no gender preference. There is a progressive correlation with increasing age, with highest incidences occurring after 40 years of age. The results in the second stage of the research indicates that the factors related to stroke have correlation to risk factors reported in literature, including hypertension, stress, sedentariness, disorderly feeding habits, besides genetic factor. It was evident 9 also that 40.5 % of people who had strokes, had swallowing disorders. The application of SWOL -QOL questionnaire, indicated low scores ranging 65-78 in individuals who have suffered strokes and had swallowing disorders, demonstrating that these individuals have a low quality of life in swallowing.