Análise acústica dos sons da deglutição através do sonar Doppler em prematuros durante a transição alimentar

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The subjectivity of the premature breastfeeding evaluation is common in a clinic scenario and experienced by the Phonoaudiologists who are responsible for the Neonatal Intensity Unit Care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the use of the swallowing acoustic analyzes as an auxiliary method in the transition from the nasolgastric tube or orogastric to the oral way. METHOD: The total of 32 babies participated in this study (16 premature and 16 full term infants) hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensity Unit Care (NIUC), Neonatal Intermediate Unit Care (NInUC). The clinic evaluation was realized after the medical release by the responsible doctor for the premature newborn. The collection of the data was done by the researcher through the Instrument of the Premature Readiness Evaluation to the Oral Feeding beginning (FUJINAGA et al., 2013). The capture of the swallowing sounds happened during the breastfeeding and defined with variables of the evaluation and frequency, intensity and swallowing timing. In the average, three samples of swallowing were realized, with hearing (acoustic signal) and visual representations (frequency and intensity graphic), the data were stored and compared. The pause timing between the swallowing were also quantified, observed hand in hand with the number of swallowing presented by the babies during the time of analyzes. The DeglutiSom® software, elaborated by Engefono Company (2014) was used to record the acoustic and visual sounds to the later analyzes. RESULTS: in the studied group, the babies who presented higher score presented higher intensity as well. The full term infants that swallowed more times in one minute obtained the best score in the Premature Readiness Evaluation Instrument of the oral feeding beginning (FUJINAGA et al., 2013). The control group presented longer pausing times (timing between the swallows) to the babies that obtained lower scores in the evaluation instrument. Comparing swallowing per minute and timing between them, the full intern infants realized the higher number of swallows during the feeding. CONCLUSION: the premature presented a medium time of the swallowing and the number of swallows per minute higher than the ones presented by the full term infants, showing the immaturity of the oral sensorial motor system. The Doppler sonar, as one of the sounds capture instrument, represents a viable auxiliary resource to the evaluation in the transition from the nasogastrical tube or orogastric to the oral way during the breastfeeding since it is a non-evasive, harmless, without radiation exposure and easy access and application method.